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Home arrow CFD Paper Library arrow Software Tool arrow CFD-ACE arrow Continuous cell washing and mixing driven by an ultrasound standing wave within a microfluidic channel
Continuous cell washing and mixing driven by an ultrasound standing wave within a microfluidic channel
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Jeremy J. Hawkes The University of Manchester Robert W. Barber and David R. Emerson CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory W. Terence Coakley Cardiff University
Abstract
Ultrasound standing wave radiation force and laminar flow have been used to transfer yeast cells from one liquid medium to another (washing) by a continuous field-flow fractionation (FFF) approach. Two co-flowing streams, a cell-free suspending phase (flow rate w 50% of the total flow-through volume) and a yeast suspension, were introduced parallel to the nodal plane of a 3 MHz standing wave resonator. The resonator was fabricated to have a single pressure nodal plane at the centre line of the chamber. Laminar flow ensured a stable interface was maintained as the two suspending phases flowed through the sound field. Initiation of the ultrasound transferred cells to the cell-free phase within 0.5 s. This particle transfer procedure circumvents the pellet formation and re-suspension steps of centrifuge based washing procedures. In addition, fluid mixing was demonstrated in the same chamber at higher sound pressures. The channel operates under negligible backpressure (cross-section, 0.25 6 10 mm) and with only one flow convergence and one flow division step, the channel cannot be easily blocked. The force acting on the cells is small; less than that experienced in a centrifuge generating 100g. The acoustically-driven cell transfer and mixing procedures described may be particularly appropriate for the increasingly complex operations required in molecular biology and microbiology and especially for their conversion to continuous flow processes.
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http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/lc/index.asp
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