For high-pressure thermal plasma sustained by direct current, the temperatures of electrons and gases may differ from each other. A 2-temperature approach better accounts for the overall phenomena than the 1-temperature model, in which the thermal equilibrium of electron and heavy species are assumed. The 2-temperature plasma model in CFD-ACE+ includes the electric conduction solution and the sheath model to account for voltage drop. A validation study of the model for a 2-D axi-symmetric (but in 3-D set-up) free burning arc in atmospheric Argon is presented.

This tutorial addresses grid quality issues through the example of an axisymmetric  rocket nozzle.

The goal of this tutorial is to demonstrate simulations of a 3D ICP with the complex shape of the coil. Engineering problems frequently contain embedded objects or components that are pre-dominantly one-dimensional, i.e., long and slender and with transverse length scales that are much smaller thanthe isotropic length scales of the multi-dimensional space in which the objects are embedded.Those objects are called filaments. Examples include micro-channels, in fluidic devices, optical or electrical leads, resistive electric micro-heaters, or conducting paths in micro-chips.

This tutorial sets up simulations of thermally inductively coupled plasma at atmospheric pressure including effects of radiation heat transfer and conjugated flow/wall heat transfer. The tutorial employs the power of user subroutines to define the properties of the Argon gas found in the plasma tube. The relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity of the Argon gas are set using the user subroutines.

This is a 3D model of chemical binding kinetics in a millimeter-scale biosensor. The objective of the model is to investigate the effects of various kinetic parameters on the simulated response. A general objective of modeling such problems (not covered here) could be to evaluate the effectiveness of the mathematical model for extracting kinetic parameters from the sensogram.

CFD-VisCART is an automated 3D viscous unstructured adaptive Cartesian grid generation tool for handling complex geometries. This tutorial describes the steps for generating a Cartesian grid with different mesh resolutions on various geometries using CFD-VisCart.

In this tutorial, the cavitation characteristics of a hydrofoil is investigated and compared to experimental data. The capability for multi-dimensional simulation of cavitating flows is of critical importance for efficient design and performance of many engineering devices. Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor filled cavities at low pressure regions of a flow field and their subsequent implosion while passing through high pressure regions of the flow field. Their phenomenon generally is undesirable causing erosion of propellers, pumps and other solid bodies. They are however considered and used in a beneficial way for a number applications including ultrasonic cleaning, water purification, high speed underwater propulsion and even to produce high temperatures and pressures for initiating thermonuclear fusion reaction. 

Cavitation generally refers to the formation of vapor filled cavities at low pressure regions of a flow field and their subsequent implosion while passing through high pressure regions of the flow field. Their phenomenon generally is undesirable causing erosion of propellers, pumps and other solid bodies. They are however considered and used in a beneficial way for a number applications including ultrasonic cleaning, water purification, high speed underwater propulsion and even to produce high temperatures and pressures for initiating thermonuclear fusion reaction. Therefore, the capability for multi-dimensional simulation of cavitating flows is of critical importance for efficient design and performance of many engineering devices. In this tutorial, the cavitation characteristics of an axisymmetric sharp edged orifice is investigated and compared to some analytical predictions.

This is a step-by-step guided introductory tutorial for 3-D geometry creation and structured grid generation in CFD-GEOM.

This tutorial is designed to simulate the “real-world” working process capabilities of CFD-GEOM. An IGES file generated from a CAD package is read into GEOM. Then, the surfaces are trimmed, an unstructured domain is created, and the combustor model is gridded.

The steady state conductive heat transfer to the air-gap between infinitely long concentric thick-walled cylinders is modeled and compared with an analytical solution. This is a step-by-step guided introductory tutorial for setting up a heat transfer model in CFD-ACE+.

Lorentz force is the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. Lorentz forces can be used to control flow separation. In the example of flow separation over a cylinder, the application of Lorentz force in a direction tangential to the surface of the cylinder results in moving the separation point rearward on the cylinder surface. This causes a reduction in the drag over the cylinder.