For high-pressure thermal plasma sustained by direct current, the temperatures of electrons and gases may differ from each other. A 2-temperature approach better accounts for the overall phenomena than the 1-temperature model, in which the thermal equilibrium of electron and heavy species are assumed. The 2-temperature plasma model in CFD-ACE+ includes the electric conduction solution and the sheath model to account for voltage drop. A validation study of the model for a 2-D axi-symmetric (but in 3-D set-up) free burning arc in atmospheric Argon is presented.

This tutorial sets up simulations of thermally inductively coupled plasma at atmospheric pressure including effects of radiation heat transfer and conjugated flow/wall heat transfer. The tutorial employs the power of user subroutines to define the properties of the Argon gas found in the plasma tube. The relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity of the Argon gas are set using the user subroutines.

CFD-VisCART is an automated 3D viscous unstructured adaptive Cartesian grid generation tool for handling complex geometries. This tutorial describes the steps for generating a Cartesian grid with different mesh resolutions on various geometries using CFD-VisCart.

In this tutorial, the cavitation characteristics of a hydrofoil is investigated and compared to experimental data. The capability for multi-dimensional simulation of cavitating flows is of critical importance for efficient design and performance of many engineering devices. Cavitation refers to the formation of vapor filled cavities at low pressure regions of a flow field and their subsequent implosion while passing through high pressure regions of the flow field. Their phenomenon generally is undesirable causing erosion of propellers, pumps and other solid bodies. They are however considered and used in a beneficial way for a number applications including ultrasonic cleaning, water purification, high speed underwater propulsion and even to produce high temperatures and pressures for initiating thermonuclear fusion reaction. 

Cavitation generally refers to the formation of vapor filled cavities at low pressure regions of a flow field and their subsequent implosion while passing through high pressure regions of the flow field. Their phenomenon generally is undesirable causing erosion of propellers, pumps and other solid bodies. They are however considered and used in a beneficial way for a number applications including ultrasonic cleaning, water purification, high speed underwater propulsion and even to produce high temperatures and pressures for initiating thermonuclear fusion reaction. Therefore, the capability for multi-dimensional simulation of cavitating flows is of critical importance for efficient design and performance of many engineering devices. In this tutorial, the cavitation characteristics of an axisymmetric sharp edged orifice is investigated and compared to some analytical predictions.

The steady state conductive heat transfer to the air-gap between infinitely long concentric thick-walled cylinders is modeled and compared with an analytical solution. This is a step-by-step guided introductory tutorial for setting up a heat transfer model in CFD-ACE+.

In this tutorial, the geometry of a bent pipe is optimized. The bent section of the pipe must provide 90-degree change of direction for a fluid flowing through it. The objective is to determine the bend radius “R” that provides the minimal (optimal) pressure drop through the pipe.

The objective of this tutorial is to find the optimum bend radius R such that the pressure drop in the pipe is minimum for given a two-dimensional pipe with fixed velocity inlet.

Incompressible subsonic flow past a two-dimensional backward-facing step is modeled to estimate the laminar reattachment length (i.e., the point where the separation bubble disappears on the channel floor behind the step). This is a step-by-step guided introductory tutorial for setting up a flow model in CFD-ACE+.

Laminar flow past an infinitely long stationary cylinder is simulated at a Reynolds nuimber of 1. The assumption of infinitely long cylinder allows the problem to be reduced to a 2D problem. The Reynolds number is based on the cylinder diameter.